Ibuprofen is a common medication used by many adults to treat pain, inflammation, and fever. While it is safe for most people aged 17 and over, the NHS has issued guidance outlining specific groups who should avoid it or use it with extreme caution.
**Who Should Not Take Ibuprofen**
You should **not** take ibuprofen—either orally or topically—if any of the following apply:
* You have ever had an allergic reaction to aspirin, ibuprofen, or any other NSAID (like naproxen). Symptoms of a reaction include a runny nose, wheezing, or a skin rash.
* You are pregnant, particularly in the third trimester.
**Who Should Consult a Doctor or Pharmacist First**
Before taking oral ibuprofen (tablets, capsules, granules, or liquid), you must speak to a medical professional if you:
* Have had stomach ulcers, bleeding, or perforation in the past.
* Have a health condition that puts you at a higher risk of bleeding.
* Have severe liver or kidney problems.
* Have heart disease, high blood pressure, or have had a stroke.
* Have Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis.
* Have asthma or another allergic disease.
* Are taking other medications, such as low-dose aspirin or blood thinners.
* Are over the age of 65, as this increases the risk of stomach ulcers.
Similarly, before using topical ibuprofen (gels, creams, or sprays), consult a doctor or pharmacist if you have asthma, hay fever, allergies, kidney problems, or a history of stomach ulcers.
**Potential Side Effects**
Common side effects of oral ibuprofen (affecting more than 1 in 100 people) include:
* Headaches
* Dizziness
* Nausea and vomiting
* Indigestion
* Wind
**Serious Side Effects: When to Seek Immediate Help**
**Stop taking ibuprofen and call a doctor immediately if you experience:**
* Black, tarry stools or blood in your vomit – signs of stomach bleeding.
* Swollen ankles, blood in your urine, or not urinating at all – signs of kidney problems.
**Call 999 or go to A&E immediately if you experience:**
* Severe chest or stomach pain – a possible sign of a hole in the stomach or gut.
* Difficulty breathing or worsening asthma symptoms.
* A severe headache with a high temperature, stiff neck, and an aversion to bright light – potential signs of meningitis.
* Blurred vision or hallucinations.
**Serious Allergic Reaction (Anaphylaxis)**
In rare cases, a severe allergic reaction is possible. Call 999 if you or someone else develops a rash that is swollen, raised, itchy, blistered, or peeling, especially if accompanied by breathing difficulties. This is a medical emergency.
**Important Note on Stomach Ulcers**
Ibuprofen can cause ulcers in the stomach or gut, particularly when taken in high doses or for a long duration. If long-term use is necessary, a doctor may prescribe additional medication to help protect your stomach.
