Your feet can provide some of the earliest warnings of a serious health condition like diabetes. This long-term illness, which results in abnormally high blood sugar levels, can cause significant damage to the nerves and blood vessels in your feet over time.
While type 1 diabetes has an unknown cause, type 2 is often linked to lifestyle factors such as excess weight and physical inactivity, though genetics can also play a role. Early detection of symptoms is critical for prompt treatment, and some of these key signs appear in the feet.
According to Diabetes UK, high blood glucose levels can damage the small blood vessels that supply the nerves, preventing essential nutrients from reaching them. This nerve damage, known as peripheral neuropathy, can cause a loss of sensation, meaning injuries can go unnoticed. Reduced blood supply also impairs the healing of cuts and sores and can lead to cramps and pain in the legs or feet.
The charity advises seeing a doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms:
* A tingling sensation or pins and needles
* Burning or a dull ache
* Loss of feeling in your feet or legs
* Swollen feet, making it difficult to wear shoes or walk
* A lack of sweating on the feet
* Cuts or sores that do not heal
* Cramping in your calves while resting or walking
* Shiny, smooth skin on your feet
* Hair loss on your legs and feet
Diabetes can also lead to structural changes in the toes, resulting in conditions such as claw toe, hammer toe, corns, and bunions.
The consequences can be severe. In England alone, there were 27,465 diabetes-related lower limb amputations between 2015 and 2018—an increase of over 18% from the previous period.
Diabetes UK stresses that "a matter of hours can make the difference between losing and keeping a foot.” They emphasize the vital importance of regular foot checks and seeking immediate medical attention for any problems.
Other common symptoms of diabetes include feeling very thirsty, urinating more frequently (especially at night), extreme fatigue, unexplained weight loss, recurring thrush, and blurred vision. If you notice any signs of diabetes, it is crucial to consult your GP.
