Ovarian cancer impacts approximately 7,500 women annually in the UK, ranking as the sixth most common cancer among women. This type of cancer originates in the ovaries and is more prevalent in women over the age of 50. Unfortunately, it is often detected at a late stage, though early diagnosis significantly improves treatment outcomes. Even women who have undergone ovary removal are not entirely protected, as ovarian cancer can also develop in the fallopian tubes or the peritoneum, the lining of the abdominal cavity.
While the exact cause of ovarian cancer remains unclear, certain factors can influence the risk of developing it. According to Cancer Research UK, these include age (with women aged 75 to 79 being most affected), inherited genetic mutations, a history of cancer at a younger age (particularly breast cancer), use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), smoking, and medical conditions such as endometriosis or diabetes.
The symptoms of ovarian cancer can often be subtle and easily overlooked. Common signs include:
- **Persistent abdominal bloating**: While bloating during menstruation or after eating certain foods is normal, ongoing bloating that doesn’t subside can be a warning sign. Approximately 72% of ovarian cancer patients report experiencing this symptom.
- **Pelvic or stomach pain**: Research from the National Library of Medicine indicates that 39% of women with ovarian cancer experienced pelvic or abdominal pain. Some describe it as intense pressure, while others liken it to menstrual cramps.
- **Changes in bowel habits**: Around 20% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer reported diarrhea or constipation before their diagnosis.
- **Urinary changes**: Frequent urination, a burning sensation during urination, or a feeling of incomplete bladder emptying are also potential symptoms.
- **Menstrual irregularities**: A 2020 study found that 13% of women diagnosed with ovarian cancer experienced abnormal vaginal bleeding prior to their diagnosis.
- **Unexplained weight loss**: Losing weight without trying can also be a sign of ovarian cancer.
It’s important to note that these symptoms can overlap with other conditions, so consulting a healthcare professional is essential if you notice any persistent or unusual changes in your body. Early detection and medical advice can make a significant difference in managing and treating ovarian cancer effectively.
